• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a working machine, in particular in the form of a dump truck or a truck, having a diesel-electric drive, comprising at least one internal combustion engine, at least one generator, at least one set power electronics (100) and at least one electric motor, the power electronics (100) being divided into two or more functional modules (101, 102, 103) and at least one of the functional modules, preferably all functional modules, comprising an encapsulated package.
    公开号:FR3018230A1
    申请号:FR1551879
    申请日:2015-03-05
    公开日:2015-09-11
    发明作者:Burkhard Richthammer；Kai Kugelstadt；Adrien Levaray；Bernd Sommer
    申请人:Liebherr Mining Equipment Colmar SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a working machine, in particular in the form of a dump truck or a truck, having a diesel-electric drive, comprising at least one internal combustion engine, at least one generator, at least one set power electronics and at least one electric motor. Tipper trucks or large dump trucks are used primarily for the extraction of coal or the extraction of ores for the transportation of coal, minerals and ores. These bulk trucks are manufactured in sizes from over 90 t (90,000 kg) up to multiples of 100 t in weight and load, so they have very large overall dimensions. A diesel-electric engine is used to drive the displacement means, the mechanical energy generated by a diesel engine being converted by means of a generator into electrical energy to power the electrical displacement means (hereinafter also called : electrical drive means). The reason for this is that diesel engines, like all internal combustion engines, can only operate at ideal efficiency within a very limited speed range and can not be started under load. AC motors for drive shafts can produce the desired torque also in the lower part of the speed range to start. The internal combustion engine can operate continuously in the ideal speed range. Proper power electronics are then required for controlling one or more electric motors and the generator. It comprises, as a rule, one or more frequency converters for adjusting the speed of these electric motors. The entire power electronics was previously integrated in a common switching cabinet which was arranged on the top plate of the dump truck in the area of the driver's cab. Because of this position and because of the large dimensions of such dump trucks, a significant effort is required to install or dismantle the switch cabinet since it is difficult to reach a great height on the upper plate. Light maintenance work is always to be carried out by technicians trained accordingly since there is a danger of death due to the high electrical power. The switching cabinet can be opened for maintenance work and the power electronics can be serviced or repaired on site. However, it can not always be guaranteed that a trained technician will be available on site for service or maintenance of the power electronics. In addition, a complete replacement of the power electronics is not desired or is not possible because of the efforts described. For this reason, the object of the present invention is to find a suitable solution for the design and integration of the power electronics of a diesel-electric drive of a working machine of the present class. The object of the invention is achieved from a working machine known in the state of the art, in particular in the form of a dump truck or a truck, having a diesel-electric drive, comprising at least one internal combustion engine, at least one generator, at least one power electronics assembly and at least one electric motor. From this it is proposed according to the present invention that the power electronics is no longer arranged in a common switching cabinet but that the power electronics is divided into two or more functional modules and that at least one functional modules, preferably all functional modules, comprise or comprise an encapsulated package. The individually encapsulated packages can be individually installed or disassembled. This approach has the advantage that individual modules can be replaced more easily and that, in the event of a failure, they can be replaced on site, at the work location, in a non-complicated way, by a corresponding new module. Power electronics, for example, no longer need to be repaired on site but defective modules can be replaced. This is particularly advantageous when no specially trained technician is present at the site where the work machine is used. The replacement of individual functional modules is much simpler and more efficient than a traditional switching cabinet because of the smaller dimensions. It is conceivable, for example, that the individual encapsulated boxes are not provided with any access in the form of a hatch or an access door, etc. but they are adapted to the only on-site replacement 25 and not for on-site repair. The encapsulated package is preferably made of a hard material, preferably at least partially of metal, preferably steel and / or stainless steel and / or aluminum or a combination of these types of material. All power electronics can be protected from external influences such as humidity, stone splash, dust, etc. by the hard material. The division of the power electronics into individual functional modules can be carried out more particularly so that the electronic components of the power electronics are divided into different functional modules according to the associated electrical consumers, especially electric motors. The frequency converters for each electric motor are housed in separate functional modules. Thus, for example, the frequency converters for a first electric motor are integrated in a functional module while the frequency converters for a second electric motor are integrated in another functional module. In addition there is the possibility of providing at least one functional module comprising the control electronics necessary for the control of the generator or the regulation of the generator and / or the control / regulation of the frequency converters of the electric motors or other functional modules. The encapsulated packages comprise one or more external connectors for an electrical connection to the generator, on the one hand, and / or to other functional modules and / or to one or more electrical drive means, in particular electric motors, 'somewhere else. The external connectors are also used to connect the functional modules together.
    [0002] In addition to the electrical connectors, connectors for integrated cooling may advantageously be provided. Advantageously, the functional modules include at least partially integrated cooling. External connectors, preferably on the other side of the housing, for the supply or discharge of a corresponding cooling fluid for cooling integrated in at least one of the functional modules are conceivable. Ideally, each functional module has its own built-in cooling with its own connections. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, receiving means, preferably in the form of a tray or other platform or frame, is provided to receive two or more or all functional modules of electronics power. The design in the form of a chassis is also conceivable. The receiving means is adapted to receive at the same time two or more functional modules of the power electronics. Ideally, the housings of the individual functional modules are box-shaped so that they can be stacked on top of each other or can be arranged in a line next to one another and thus requiring little space. Two or more functional modules may be mounted on the receiving means on the working machine, in particular on the chassis of the working machine. Additional dust or stone protection from below is achieved when a tray is used as the receiving means for the individual functional modules. In addition, it is possible to provide that the receiving means is adapted to be removably mounted on the working machine, in particular on the chassis of the vehicle, and also to provide that the receiving means can be disassembled together with the functional module or modules it carries.
    [0003] According to another aspect of the invention, at least some of the functional modules or all the functional modules are mounted in the area of the electric motor to be powered and / or in the generator zone, preferably between the generator and the electric motor. , in or on the chassis of the vehicle. The functional modules can therefore, for example, be mounted together in the region of the axis of the rear working wheels of the working machine so that the paths of the links between the functional modules and the electric motors to be powered are as short as possible. An arrangement of a power module or all modules between the generator and the electric motors is particularly preferred. It is also conceivable to have some of the functional modules in the chassis of the vehicle, that is to say between the two longitudinal members of the chassis of the vehicle, while other functional modules are mounted on the outer side of the longitudinal members. In addition, there is the possibility of arranging all the functional modules on the outside of the chassis, in particular on the left and / or on the right in the direction of movement.
    [0004] Apart from the working machine according to the invention, the present invention also relates to a power electronics for the working machine according to the invention. The power electronics comprise two or more functional modules each of whose functional modules is housed in an encapsulated package. The advantages and the technical characteristics of the power electronics correspond to those of the working machine according to the invention, so that a repetition of the description is omitted here.
    [0005] The invention also relates to a diesel-electric drive chain having a power electronics according to the present invention. The same advantages and technical characteristics as those of the power electronics already discussed and described in detail above, are valid for the diesel-electric drive chain. A repetition of the description is therefore omitted here. Other features, details and advantages of the invention are described with the aid of embodiments shown in the figures, where - Figures 1 to 4 are a plurality of representations of a dump truck according to the invention, FIG. 5 is a detailed perspective view of a truck drive chain according to the invention, FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrammatic representations of the drive chain according to the invention according to various embodiments. 9 is a detailed view of the power electronics, FIG. 10 is a side view of the dump truck with a hoist, and FIGS. 11a-11c show various diagrammatic representations of the vehicle chassis with different positions. installation of the power electronics according to the invention. A dump truck 10 is shown in Figures 1 to 4. This is what is called a large dump truck as used in ore mines. Front wheels 14 and rear wheels 16, driven by electric motors not shown in more detail, are mounted on a rigid frame 12. The rear wheels 16 are drawn with double tires. A bucket 18 is pivotally mounted on the frame 12 can be tilted by hydraulic cylinders 20 arranged on both sides of the vehicle. The vehicle 10 is delimited by a bumper 22 in the area of the vehicle 10 at the front in the direction of travel. A radiator module 24 is arranged above the bumper 22. An upper plate 26 extends over the width of the dump truck 10 still above the radiator module 24. A driver's cab 28 is arranged on a In the embodiment shown here, the driver's cab 28 is disposed on the side of the upper plate 26 which is left in the direction of travel. The driver's cab is thus disposed on the left front wheel 14. The dump truck 10 comprises a diesel-electric engine which is easy to recognize in the perspective view of the chassis 12 of the vehicle in FIG. 5. The engine comprises the engine diesel 40 which is mounted on the frame 12 of the vehicle in the frontal area seen in the direction of travel. The internal combustion engine 40 is more particularly located in the region of the front axle 14 under the upper plate 26 and the driver's cab 28. The required fuel tank is disposed between the front wheel axle and the axle of the fuel. rear wheels 14, 16 on the chassis 12 on the left side of the vehicle in the direction of travel. The internal combustion engine 40 drives the generator 60 mechanically to generate the electrical energy necessary for electric propulsion. Two AC motors 80 which are integrated left and right in the axis of the rear wheels 16, serve as driving means for these wheels. The use of different engines per vehicle side of the rear axle 16 optimizes turns and maneuvers since different speeds can be selected for the driving wheels. Power electronics 100 with the necessary power components such as frequency converters etc., are available for the control and regulation of the electric motors 80 and the generator 60. Many secondary consumers of the dump truck are no longer driven electrically by the energy generated by the generator 60 but are supplied with hydraulics. These secondary consumers are, for example, the hydraulic cylinders 20, the direction of the dump truck 10 which is also implemented hydraulically, and one or two hydraulic fan motors for cooling the electric motors 80, the power electronics 100, the generator 60 and other components. The hydraulic fluid required for secondary consumers comes from a hydraulic fluid reservoir 32 which is disposed on a side of the vehicle 10 opposite that where the fuel tank 31 is located.
    [0006] According to the detail view of FIG. 5, the frame 12 of the vehicle comprises two longitudinal sections 12a, 12b of the frame, the longitudinal members, which extend parallel to one another and in the center of which the entire chain of training is supported. In the embodiment shown, a transfer case 50 is mounted directly on the motor 40 at the rear in the area of the drive shaft. The transfer box comprises a continuous shaft connected on the output side via a cardan shaft 55 to the generator 60. The output power is thus transferred to the generator 60 with almost no loss. The transfer case 50 is further provided with a plurality of power takeoffs 51, 52 whereby a small portion of the output power of the motor is diverted and used for the training of secondary consumers. In the variant embodiment of FIG. 5, it has proved advantageous that the cardan shaft 55 serves only to transmit the torque required to the generator 60. The load of the transfer case 50 does not come into contact With the cardan shaft 55. The power of the internal combustion engine 40, particularly in high-power engines for dump trucks, generates strong vibrations which can be transmitted to the generator 60 by the cardan shaft 55. Due to the design, the generator 60 is exposed to any vibration so that an additional coupling is integrated between the generator 60 and the diesel engine 40. A coupling with an integrated torsional vibration damper is more particularly integrated into the Transfer box 50. The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 creates an additional construction space at the end of the generator so that a rotational resolver / encoder is provided. atif, 70 finds room between the power electronics 100 and the generator 60 (see Figure 6). The available construction space allows the use of traditional resolvers 70 which can be installed without any new complex or expensive concept and without any modification. Additional development and production costs can thus be avoided. The drive components 40, 50, 60 are mounted on the frame by means of clamps. According to the representation in FIG. 5, the fixing means of the internal combustion engine 40 10 must additionally support the weight of the transfer case 50. The attachment means of the generator 60 are welded laterally in order to fix the generator to the longitudinal members 12a. 12b in the area between the two. For the sake of clarity, the embodiment of FIG. 5 is shown again schematically in FIG. 6. The transfer box 50 comprises a third power tap in addition to the taps 51, 52 visible in FIG. The second power take-off 52 drives the hydraulic steering pump to provide the hydraulic pressure needed to operate the cylinders 20, for example by the first power take-off 51. An additional hydraulic pump is coupled to the third power plug 53 for exerting pressure on one or more hydraulic fan motors or other hydraulic consumers. The representations of FIGS. 5 and 6 show a total of three power sockets, but embodiments with fewer power sockets OR, on the contrary, with more power sockets are conceivable as long as the power required for the generator can be provided. . The individual hydraulic pumps are coupled to the power taps 51, 52, 53 by flywheel areas. According to an alternative to the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the transfer case 50 may also be arranged directly at the generator 60, as can be seen in FIG. 8, with an inverted connection with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6. the generator input. The connection between the output shaft of the engine and the transfer case is established by the additional cardan shaft 55. In this case, the cardan shaft 55 must provide the total power required to drive the generator 60 and of the transfer case 50. The alternative embodiment provides the advantage that the internal combustion engine can be changed more easily since there is only one coupling of the cardan shaft 55 to be disassembled. In addition, the fixing means required for the internal combustion engine do not have to bear the additional weight of the transfer case 50 to the frame 12 of the dump truck 10. An additional support of the generator can also be formed via the transfer box 50. Another embodiment is visible in FIG. 7, in which the transfer box 50 is directly connected to the internal combustion engine 40 and to the generator 60. An additional cardan shaft can be placed through the generator 60 to allow the coupling of an additional power plug 54 to the output of the generator 60.
    [0007] In known prior art solutions, the power electronics for a diesel-electric drive of a dump truck was arranged in a large switch cabinet on the upper tray near the driver's cab.
    [0008] However, because of the high electrical power generated, a great potential danger emanates from the power electronics. Switchgear with integrated power electronics must therefore be handled or opened and serviced only by specially trained technicians.
    [0009] Because of the large dimensions of the dump truck 10, long connecting paths had to be accepted in the previous arrangements of the switch cabinet on the upper plate for the electrical connection of the power electronics to the generator, on the one hand , and the electric motors integrated in the rear axle, on the other hand. The necessary network of cables must therefore be brought first from the generator in the chassis over several meters in height on the upper plate of the vehicle and must be returned from there back in the chassis of the vehicle to the rear axle engine. Long feeding paths, however, increase the cabling effort. In addition, the large length of the cables increases the probability of electromagnetic interference, especially between the power cables and the signal cables for transmitting control signals to the generator and the electric motor. The design of the dump truck 10 now differs from prior known solutions of the state of the art and instead proposes not to position the power electronics 100 on the top plate 26 but as close as possible to the chain 25. diesel-electric drive, that is to say in the area of the rear axle motor 16 in the direct vicinity of the electric motors 80 and / or the generator 60. A possible installation position of the power electronics 100 is shown in FIG. 5. A reduced distance of the generator 60 and the electric motors 80 in the motor rear axle 16 is achieved by the integration of the power electronics 100 into the chassis 12 of the vehicle. Relatively short power and signal paths are achieved by this and unwanted inter-line interference is minimized and interference influences on the control signals are thereby reduced. The entire wiring of the diesel-electric drive is of a much simpler design than for the known solutions of the state of the art. All the power electronics 100 5 is also not housed in a common housing (switching cabinet) but has a modular design according to the invention. According to the exemplary representation of FIG. 9, the power electronics 100 comprises three separate functional modules 101, 102, 103 each of which is housed in its own encapsulated package. Each case is made entirely of metal, including steel, stainless steel or aluminum. FIG. 9 shows the box-like functional modules 101, 102, 103 disposed in close proximity to one another and in a line on a receiving support 110. The encapsulated housings are made in a solid construction and thereby offer protection against external influences such as water, dust and stone throwing. According to an alternative, or in addition, there is the possibility of placing the functional modules in a line on a mounting platform, in particular on a horizontal platform, which provides additional protection against projections of stones. The power electronics or the individual functional modules 101, 102, 103 are mounted in the region of the rear motor axis 16 between the two longitudinal sections 12a, 12b by means of the receiving or mounting support 110. front and rear faces 30 of the individual functional modules 101, 102, 103, that is to say the sides of the box shape which are opposite the generator 60 and the electric motors 80, comprise a plurality of electrical connectors 104, 105 for reciprocal connection of the functional modules 101, 102, 103 and for connecting the generator 60 and the electric motor 80.
    [0010] The medium functional module 102, for example, comprises all the control components necessary for the control and regulation of the generator 60. For this purpose, the generator 60 is connected to the power electronics via the connector 104 at the front of the generator. Functional module 102. The functional modules 101, 103 comprise, on the other hand, the frequency converters necessary for powering the electric motors 80, the functional modules 101, 103 being each associated with precisely one corresponding electric motor 80. The connections between the functional modules 101, 102, 103 are then established via the available connectors 105 on the rear face of the functional modules 101, 102, 103, that is to say on the sides facing the electric motors 80. The connection with the motors 80 is established in the same way via the connectors 105. The wiring is not shown in FIG. 5 but is indicated diagrammatically in FIGS. 6 to 8.
    [0011] In addition to the electrical connectors 104, 105, external connectors 108 for integrated fluid-based cooling of the power modules are available at the front. Each encapsulated casing of the functional modules 101, 102, 103 therefore comprises its own integrated cooling. The representation of FIG. 5 shows a common arrangement of the available functional modules 101, 102, 103 of the power electronics 100 between the longitudinal members 12a, 12b of the chassis 12 of the vehicle. This arrangement corresponds to the schematic representation according to Figure 11a which shows the frame 12 of the vehicle in a view from above. An alternative arrangement can be seen in Figure 11b, in which the power electronics is no longer mounted between the longitudinal members 12a, 12b but to the right outside the spar 12b, seen in the direction of travel. A mounting of the entire power electronics 100 on the left side, seen in the direction of travel, that is to say on the spar 12a, is of course also conceivable. Figure 11c shows another possibility according to which individual functional modules of the power electronics 100 are mounted to the left and to the right near the longitudinal members 12a, 12b. For example, a distribution of the functional modules 101, 102, 103 on different mounting positions on the chassis is possible, for example to reduce as far as possible the distance between the functional modules 101, 103, dedicated to the electric motors, and the motors electrical 80 corresponding. Apart from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11a to 11c, an arrangement is conceivable whereby a portion of the power electronics 100 is mounted between the longitudinal members 12a, 12b of the chassis 12 of the vehicle, while another portion is mounted outside.
    [0012] Figure 10 now shows another advantage of the presented solution. In addition to the technical advantages already presented, improved access for maintenance work, installation and dismantling of the power electronics 100 results from the installation of the power electronics 100 close to the ground. Only the bucket 18 must be tilted to access the power electronics (Figure 10). For maintenance work, the bucket 18 can, in addition, be secured so that it remains in the raised position, the electrical system being disconnected, for example by virtue of a link under mechanical stress between the free end of the bucket. and the support of the bucket. The necessary modules 101, 102, 103 can be disassembled either individually or together and no longer need to be transported a great distance to the top plate 26 of the dump truck 10 and to the ground truck. In addition, it is possible to provide that, in the event of failure of the power electronics, individual modules 101, 102, 103 may be replaced directly and no longer need to be repaired on site. Thus, it is no longer necessary to have specially trained technicians on site and the downtime due to a fault can be minimized. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 10, at least one hoist may be attached to the lower edge of the bucket 18 in order to support the power electronics 100 or individual functional modules 101, 102, 103 for assembly or disassembly. The ideally used lifting device allows, in addition to the vertical lifting movement, a horizontal movement to move the load taken. It is further indicated that the advantageous arrangements of the power electronics 100 to the chassis 12 of the vehicle (FIGS. 11a to 11c) do not only apply to a modular design of the power electronics but also to a traditional design with only one case. A modular design of the power electronics is also conceivable when it is mounted on the upper plate 26 or elsewhere on the vehicle 10.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1.A work machine, especially in the form of a dump truck (10) or a truck, having a diesel-electric drive, comprising, at least one internal combustion engine (40), at least one generator ( 60), at least one power electronics assembly (100) and at least one electric motor (80), characterized in that the power electronics (100) is divided into two or more functional modules (101, 102, 103) and in that at least one of the functional modules, preferably all the functional modules, comprises or comprises an encapsulated package.
    [0002]
    2. Work machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the encapsulated housing material comprises at least partially metal, preferably steel and / or stainless steel and / or aluminum.
    [0003]
    Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the encapsulated housing comprises one or more external connectors for an electrical connection to the generator (60) and / or to other functional modules (101, 102, 103). and / or one or more electrical drive means (80).
    [0004]
    4. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional modules (101, 102, 103) at least partially comprise an integrated cooling with external connectors on the other side of the housing.
    [0005]
    5. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic components of the power electronics (100) are divided into different functional modules according to the associated electrical consumers, including electric motors (80).
    [0006]
    6. Working machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the frequency converters for each electric motor (80) are housed in separate functional modules.
    [0007]
    Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one functional module comprises the control of the generator (60) or the regulation of the generator (60) and / or the control / regulation of the frequency converters. electric motors (80).
    [0008]
    8. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a receiving means (110), preferably in the form of a tray or frame, is provided to receive two or more or all the functional modules of the power electronics (100).
    [0009]
    9. Work machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the receiving means (110) is adapted to be removably mounted on the working machine, in particular on the chassis (12) of the vehicle.
    [0010]
    10. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the functional modules or all 25 functional modules are mounted in the area of the electric motor (80) to be fed and / or in the generator zone (60), preferably between the generator (60) and the electric motor (80), in or on the chassis (12) of the vehicle. 30
    [0011]
    Power electronics (100) for a working machine according to one of the preceding claims.
    [0012]
    A diesel-electric drive chain having a power electronics (100) according to claim 11.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US9963094B2|2018-05-08|
    RU2681460C2|2019-03-06|
    CN205112966U|2016-03-30|
    RU2015107599A|2016-09-27|
    DE102014003375A1|2015-09-10|
    US20150251611A1|2015-09-10|
    FR3018230B1|2018-10-26|
    RU2015107599A3|2018-08-07|
    ZA201501487B|2016-01-27|
    AU2015201012A1|2015-09-24|
    CA2883026A1|2015-09-06|
    AU2015201012B2|2019-07-04|
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    JP2015061414A|2013-09-19|2015-03-30|トヨタ自動車株式会社|Electric vehicle|DE102014003155A1|2014-03-03|2015-09-03|Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas|Work machine, in particular dump truck or truck|
    DE102014003203A1|2014-03-06|2015-09-10|Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas|Work machine, in particular dump truck or truck|
    DE102015006225A1|2014-07-14|2016-01-14|Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas|Work machine, in particular dump truck or truck|
    法律状态:
    2016-05-09| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-04-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-02-23| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20180223 |
    2018-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-04-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014003375.9A|DE102014003375A1|2014-03-06|2014-03-06|Work machine, in particular dump truck or truck|
    DE102014003375.9|2014-03-06|
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